Centro de Documentación

Registro:

Breyer, Stephen Regulation and its reform. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1982. 472 p.

Notas:
Temas:	regulación, teoría de la regulación
Contenido:	Contents Introduction 1 The Object and Approach of This Book 4 Limitations 7 I. A Theory of Regulation 13 1. Typical Justifications for Regulation 15 The Control of Monopoly Power 15 The Traditional Economic Rationale for Regulation. Objections to the Traditional Economic Rationales. Additional Bases for Regulation. Rent Control or "Excess Profits" 21 What Is a Rent? The Rationale for Regulation. Compensating for Spillovers (Externalities) 23 What Are Spillovers? The Classical Rationale for Regulation. Objections to the Classical Rationale. A Caveat Inadequate Information 26 The Classical Rationale for Regulation. Criticisms of the Rationale Excessive Competition: The Empty Box 29 Historical Use. Current Use Other Justifications 32 The Mixture of Rationales 34 2. Cost-of-Service Ratemaking 36 The System 36 The Problems 37 Determining the Rate Base. Determining the Rate of Return. Efficiency. The "Test Year". Rate Structure 3. Historically Based Price Regulation 60 The System 60 The Problems 62 Categorization. Cost-of-Service Ratemaking. Allocation. Enforcement. New Investment Conclusion 70 4. Allocation under a Public Interest Standard 71 The System 72 Problems 74 What Is to Be Allocated? The Selection Process. The Renewal Process Conclusion 94 5. Standard Setting 96 The System 98 The Procedural Background. The Standard-Setting Process. Problems Inherent in the Process 109 Information. Enforcement. Anticompetitive Effects. Judicial Review Conclusion 118 6. Historically Based Allocation 120 The System 120 The Need for Exceptions 122 The Exception Process 127 Conclusion 130 7. Individualized Screening 131 The Food Additive Screening System 133 Problems with This Form of Regulation 135 Developing a Test for Risk. The Use of Experts. The Effort to be Comprehensive: Calculating and Weighing Benefits. Varying Standards of Selection Conclusion 155 8. Alternatives to Classical Regulation 156 Unregulated Markets Policed by Antitrust 156 Disclosure 161 Taxes 164 The Creation of Marketable Property Rights 171 Changes in Liability Rules 174 Bargaining 177 Nationalization 181 9. General Guidelines for Policy Makers 184 II. Appropiate Solutions 189 10. Match and Mismatch 191 11. Mismatch: Excessive Competition and Airline Regulation 197 The Industry 198 Regulation 199 Harmful Effects of Regulation 200 Mismatch as Cause 209 Price Regulation. Route Awards. Efficiency. The Effort to Regulate Schedules An Alternative to Classical Regulation 219 Conclusion 220 12. Mismatch: Excessive Competition and the Trucking Industry 222 The Industry and Regulation 222 The Effects of Regulation 227 Alternatives to Classical Regulation 234 Conclusion 238 13. Mismatch: Rent Control and Natural Gas Field Prices 240 The Industry 241 Regulation 242 Adverse Effects 244 The Mismatch and the Shortage 247 Firm-by-Firm Cost-of-Service Ratemaking. Areawide Cost-of-Service Ratemaking The Mismatch and Natural Gas Allocation 253 Standard Setting. Public Interest Allocation. Negotiation Alternatives 258 Conclusion 260 14. Partial Mismatch: Spillovers and Environmental Pollution 261 The Problems of Standard Setting 263 Incentive-Based Systems: Taxes and Marketable Rights 271 In Principle. A More Practical Comparison Conclusion 284 15. Problems of a Possible Match: Natural monopoly and Telecommunications 285 The Characteristics of the Longline Problem 288 The Industry and the Service. Regulation and Joint Costs. The Entry of Competition into Long-Distance Telecommunications The FCC´s Response to the Problem 301 Above 890. MCI. Specialized Common Carriers (SCCs). AT&T´s Competitive Response: Special Rates. Docket 18128. Expanding the Area of Competition The Basic Choices 311 Conclusion 314 III. Practical Reform 315 16. From Candidate to Reform 317 The Elements of Implementation 317 The Kennedy Hearings 321 Preparation. The Actual Hearings Conclusion 339 17. Generic Approaches to Regulatory Reform 341 Better Personnel 342 Procedural Changes 345 Fairness and Efficiency. Legitimacy Structural Change 354 Managerial Proposals. Supervisory Proposals. New Institutions Encouraging Substantive Reform 363 Impact Statements. Encouraging Step-by-Step Reform Appendix 1 The Regulatory Agencies 371 Appendix 2 A Note on Administrative Law 378 Further Reading 382 Notes 386 Index 462